Costate Equations

Author: Tianjiang Shuo

Website: https://cislunarspace.cn

Definition

A system of first-order ordinary differential equations for the costate variables, derived from the Pontryagin Maximum Principle. They describe how costates evolve over time and, coupled with the state equations, form a two-point boundary value problem. Extreme sensitivity to initial values is the main numerical difficulty of indirect methods.

Application Value

This concept is fundamental to cislunar orbital mechanics and mission analysis, providing essential theoretical support for trajectory design and operational planning.

  • Analytic Hierarchy Process
  • Delta-v, Δv
  • Continued Fraction
  • Sbplx Local Optimization Algorithm

References

  • Oshima et al. - 2017
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Contributors: ouyangjiahong, Ou Yang Jiahong