Out-of-Plane Difference

Author: Tianjiang Shuo

Website: https://cislunarspace.cn

Definition

The angle between two orbital planes. In three-impulse maneuver orbits, it refers to the angle between the ellipse transition orbit (ETO) and the target lunar polar orbit (LPO) planes. A larger out-of-plane difference requires greater velocity increment for plane change. When the difference is small, the velocity increment savings of the proposed method over traditional Hohmann transfer become more pronounced.

Application Value

在进行轨道转移设计时，This概念有助于评估转移代价和飞行时间，为任务方案比选provides定量依据。结合全局搜索算法，可找到多族解和帕累托前沿，指导轨道设计决策。

Related Concepts

• 运行轨道库（Operational Orbit Library）
• 月球自由返回轨道（Lunar Free-Return Orbit, LFO）
• 临界轨道（Critical Orbit）
• 准周期远距离逆行轨道（Quasi-Periodic Distant Retrograde Orbit, QPDRO）

References

• 陆林 等 - 2021 - 载人月球极地探测地月转移轨道设计